Chapter 1 – Chemical Reactions and Equations
This chapter explains how chemical reactions occur and how they are written using chemical equations.You learn about reactants, products, balancing equations, and different types of reactions.It also covers oxidation, reduction, and their everyday applications.
Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases and Salts
This chapter explains the properties and uses of acids, bases, and salts.
You learn about pH, neutralization, and real-life applications like toothpaste, fertilizers, and baking soda.
It also covers important reactions of acids and bases.
Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-Metals
You learn about the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals.
The chapter explains reactions with water, acids, and oxygen.
It also covers the uses of alloys and corrosion prevention.
Chapter 4 – Carbon and Its Compounds
Carbon forms a wide variety of compounds due to catenation and bonding.
You learn about hydrocarbons, functional groups, and chemical reactions of carbon compounds.
The chapter also explains soaps, detergents, and cleaning action.
Chapter 5 – Life Processes
This chapter explains the basic processes of living organisms like nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion.
You learn how plants and animals perform these vital functions.
It builds the foundation of human physiology.
Chapter 6 – Control and Coordination
It explains how the human body controls actions using the nervous system and hormones.
You learn about reflex actions, brain structure, and plant movements.
The chapter also covers endocrine glands.
Chapter 7 – How Do Organisms Reproduce?
This chapter explains different modes of reproduction in plants and animals.
You learn about asexual and sexual reproduction.
It also covers human reproduction in a simple way.
Chapter 8 – Heredity
The chapter explains how traits pass from parents to offspring.
You learn about Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
It also explains evolution and variation.
Chapter 9 – Light: Reflection and Refraction
This chapter covers reflection of light by mirrors and refraction through lenses.
You learn about image formation, rules of rays, and the lens formula.
It helps understand real and virtual images.
Chapter 10 – The Human Eye and the Colourful World
You learn how the human eye works and how we see objects.
The chapter explains defects of vision and their correction.
It also covers scattering of light, Tyndall effect, and the rainbow.
Chapter 11 – Electricity
This chapter explains electric current, potential difference, and resistance.
You learn Ohm’s law, series and parallel circuits.
It also teaches how electrical energy and power are calculated.
Chapter 12 – Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
It explains how current produces magnetic fields.
You learn about electromagnets, the right-hand rule, and electric motors.
The chapter also covers electromagnetic induction.
Chapter 13 – Our Environment
This chapter explains ecosystems, food chains, and the impact of human activities.
You learn about biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
It also covers environmental issues like pollution and ozone depletion.